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2, 5-Furandicarboxylic acid 2, 5-Furandicarboxylic acid Despite these advantages, chitosan-finded nanoparticles face challenges such as poor solubility at physiological pH, non-specificity for cancer cellphones, and inefficient endosomal escape, limiting their transfection efficiency. To address these limits, investigators have focused on heightening the functionality of chitosan nanoparticles. schemes include amending stability, raising pointing specificity, increasing cellular uptake efficiency, and advertizing endosomal escape. This review critically assesss recent formulation accessses within these categories, purporting to provide brainstorms into gaining chitosan-free-based gene delivery schemes for improved efficacy, particularly in cancer therapy.Chitosan and liposomal delivery systems for epicatechin or propyl gallate targeting focalised treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.Natural polyphenols are promising options to antifungals for novel treatments of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in an era of antimicrobial resistance polyphenols are poorly soluble and prone to degradation. To overcome their limits, we propose incorporation in liposomes. The study taked to develop chitosan and liposome comprising delivery arrangements for epicatechin (EC) or propyl gallate (PG) as treatment of VVC. EC was taked for its antioxidative properties and PG as an ester of antifungal gallic acid. To improve formulation retention at vaginal site, mucoadhesive chitosan was introduced into formulation as liposomal surface coating or hydrogel due to intrinsic antifungal dimensions. These polyphenol-charged liposomes exhibited an average size of 125 nm with a 64 % entrapment efficiency (for both polyphenols). A corroborated in vitro polyphenol release was seen from liposomes, particularly in chitosan hydrogel (p < 0 or lower). Viscosity was judged since increased viscosity upon mucin contact indicated adhesive bond formation between chitosan and mucin reasserting mucoadhesiveness of conceptualisations. Antifungal activity was valued by the broth microdilution method on Candida albicans CRM-10231. Unlike PG, incorporation of EC in liposomes enabled antifungal activity. Fungicidal activity of chitosan was confirmed both when used as liposomal coating material and as hydrogel vehicle.Polydopamine/chitosan hydrogels-functionalized polyurethane froths in situ decorated with silver nanoparticles for water disinfection.A new facile route to decorate polyurethane foams (PUF) with dense and uniform silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to ensure efficient and long-term water disinfection is offered. The antibacterial sponge was invented by sequential treatment with chitosan hydrogels engrafting, polydopamine (PDA) coating, and finally in situ growth of AgNPs on the surface of substrate. The geomorphologys, chemical composition, crystalline nature, mechanical property, and intumescing capacity of the composite were characterized. Its silver release behavior and bactericidal functionings against Escherichia coli (E. coli) were assessed. upshots show that the composite marched higher mechanical strength (compression strength, 51 kPa) and a rapid swelling rate with an equilibrium tumefying ratio of 18 g/g. It possessed a higher loading amount of AgNPs (35 mg/g) than that of PUF@Ag (8 mg/g) and curbed the cumulative silver release of below 0% after 24-h immersion in water it submited efficient bactericidal activity with complete reduction of E. coli with 10 min of contact time. The strong bactericidal action was probably regularized by toning the contact between AgNPs immobilized on the substrate and bacteria cells the composite certifyed exceptional reusability for five cpsses and exhibited a superior processing capacity in the flow test the composite could effectively disinfect the natural water sample like a river in 30 min under real conditions.Biological and Physicochemical Analysis of Sr-Doped Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composite Layers.